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“学背之家”城中村的故土原乡,惠州 / 仓北文旅·共和营造建筑工作室
建筑项目概况建筑概况项目背景项目概况感谢共和营造建筑工作室(邮箱:342523309@qq.com)予享以下内容 。更多关于他们请至: : “我们的居住因为住房短缺而受到折磨。设计理念建筑设计设计策略设计理念甚至并非如此,我们现在的居住也因为劳作受到折磨,因为追求利益和成功而毫无保障,因为娱乐和消遣而心醉神迷。但是今天的居住之中,哪里还有为诗意留下空间和积攒的时间?空间特色建筑特色空间体验空间特色海德格尔《诗语言思》 “Our is by a shortage. Yet, it is not just that. Our today is also by labor, by the of and success, and lost in and distraction. But where in today’s is there space and time left for poetry?” — Heidegger, Poetry, Language, 目视频,言 2020年初夏,共和营造建筑工作室刚成立不久,业主黎家兄妹通过朋友找到我们,委托重建继承下来的一处祖屋,祖屋距离工作室不远,中间隔着一座历史教堂。鸟瞰建成后“学背之家”, view of the “ Home” 建成后俯瞰街巷与建筑,After completion, it the streets, and 成后北面鸟瞰建筑,After completion, it a bird ‘s-eye view of the from the 家大哥第一次来事务所委托洽谈时,注意到共和营造建筑工作室通向天台的木楼梯正对着老教堂,不禁感慨:“若是站在这楼梯上拉段小提琴,该是多美妙的时光。项目介绍建筑理念建筑建筑特色建筑形态后来兄妹提交的设计任务书时只提了一个要求“要有坡屋顶,站在露台对着青瓦白墙的房子拉提琴”。建成后东面夹缝中窥看一层后院门口, the crack on the east side to see the of the on the first 城里坍塌的祖宅 The Home in the Old City 在城市化进程中,“城中村”是一种独特的空间形态与社会单元,始终处于争议的焦点。项目介绍项目概述材料表达材料运用它既是低成本生活的容器、移民的落脚点,也常被视为“脏乱差”的代名词,是城市现代化进程中被改造和抹去的对象。然而,这些看似杂乱无章的肌理深处,蕴藏着城市最为真实的记忆密码和鲜活的生命力。项目介绍设计愿景功能规划功能布局近年来,伴随“文化自信”与“乡愁”意识的觉醒,一种源自民间的、小规模的、自下而上的微更新实践逐渐浮现。它们不再追求焕然一新的表象,而是试图在既有脉络中,重新找寻一种能够安顿身心、连接过去的“场所感”(Sense of Place)。项目介绍空间设计生态融合环境融合这种追寻,本质上是于喧嚣都市中重构“原乡”的期望。宅地位于不同年代建筑围合的街巷之中,是父辈兄弟分家析产残留的地块,地块呈不规则的P字形,经测算,剔除老墙基后,净面积仅44平方米。项目介绍建筑风格创新技术技术创新东、南两侧与邻宅共用山墙,西面仅40CM墙距的巷隙两端被砖墙封死,形成一个近乎密闭的“缝隙空间”。南北方向虽略有开口,但南侧巷路狭窄和婶婶家凸出一块房角,把唯一出入口挤成1.9 x4.7 米与 5 x7 米的“P”字形地块,北侧85CM间距被低矮铁皮房半遮挡。项目介绍材料质感项目介绍设计特色这种四面围合的“P”式格局,给采光、通风、视野和施工带来了极大的挑战。祖宅坍塌原貌,The of the house In the of urbanization, “urban villages” a form and unit, often at the of controversy. They serve as for low-cost and spots for migrants, yet are as for “dirty, messy, and poor,” for or in urban modernization. However, deep these lie the most codes and of the city. In years, with the of “ confidence” and “nostalgia,” a grassroots, small-scale, bottom-up of micro- has emerged. These no a new but seek to a “Sense of Place” the that can the body and mind and with the past. This is the hope of a “ homeland” the city. The site is by from eras, a plot from the of among the father’s generation. The P- plot, after the old wall foundations, only 44 meters. It gable walls with to the east and south. To the west, a mere 40 cm wide alley was by brick walls at both ends, an “gap space.” there were to the north and south, the alley and a of the aunt’s house the only into a 1.9 x 4.7 meter and 5 x 7 meter P- plot. The 85 cm gap to the north was by a low tin shed. This P- posed for lighting, ventilation, sightlines, and construction. 北面邻居院内看向建筑, at the from the of the to the 境中的潜力 管物质条件严峻,但场地本身蕴含巨大的情感价值。项目介绍功能分区项目介绍设计特色它是黎氏家族记忆的地理原点,也是兄妹家族清明祭祖回到惠州的精神归宿。场地上残留的40厘米厚夯土老墙,虽已残破,却是时间与历史的直接物证。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色它不仅是物理的边界,更是情感的载体。识别并转化这些限制中的潜力,是设计的起点。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色区块卫星瞰图, view of the block the harsh conditions, the site held value. It was the of the Li family’s and the home to which the to their in Huizhou. The 40 cm thick earth wall, dilapidated, was of time and history. It was not just a but also an carrier. and the these was the point of the design. 南面鸟瞰建筑入口, the from the 为黎家兄妹第二居所的继承祖屋,这类继承性祖宅有别于宗祠家庙等祭祀性场所,精神性和日常生活是并置的,它指向家庙而在此生活;宗祠为族人在此祭奠的场所,它又提示族人指向生活。祖宅有别于商品住宅仅满足居住功能,是日常栖居的意义场所,也是家族情感的地理原点和文化原乡。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色坍塌祖宅原貌分析, of the of the House As an house as a home for the Li siblings, this type of home from like halls or temples. and daily life here; life is lived here [in the home], yet it p, yet it also clan of life. that functions, the home is a place for daily dwelling, the and of emotions. 东面侧瞰建筑, the from the east side 策略 巧这次机缘,以惠州桥东老城这处44平方米坍塌祖宅重建项目,作为实践对象,在高密度城中村语境下,如何用建筑回应家族记忆、地域气候与复杂的邻里关系。项目面对极限的空间条件,用“时间剖碎”、“微景框借”、“呼吸建构”与“材料诚实性”的方法,对抗常规的封闭速成模式,将建筑锚固于场地历史纹理之中,并将 “爬梯”、“中心柱”、“谷仓”“园池” 等空间原型进行当代转译,设计保留并重构老墙、用弧形屋顶消解压迫感,以及建构微缩园池等方式,在方寸之地筑建一个连接过去与现在,兼具日常性与精神性的“文化原乡”。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色实践当下城市的微更新与社区提供一种基于人文出发与精细设计的新尝试。学背之家重建策略, for Home this opportunity, the of the 44-square-meter home in Huizhou’s Old City a object. The aim was to how can to memory, climate, and the high- urban context. Faced with conditions, the like “ time,” “ micro-views,” “ construction,” and “ honesty” to closed, rapid- models. The the into the of the site and such as the “ ladder,” “ pillar,” “granary,” and “ pool.” It and the old wall, uses a roof to the sense of oppression, and a pool, a “ land” that past and present, daily life and a tiny space. This a new at micro- in and based on and design. 原旧夯土墙垣穿延新筑墙体,The old earth wall the newly built wall 虽然过往熟踏这片街巷,场地踏勘后还是有种未知的陌生感。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色地块所处的“学背街”路名是因桥东老城中惠阳高级中学校史渊源(元泰定元年,1324年)归善学宫百年名校而来,姑且就叫它“学背之家”也有场所的含义。不完全拆除老墙,而是将其作为场地的“基座”或最重要的“遗存”予以保留。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色新建的清水混凝土结构并非与老墙并置,而是小心翼翼地嵌入其中,与之形成一种共时性的缠绕关系 。建成后剖碎与连续的山墙,A gable wall that is and after 保留的老墙垣上进行谨慎的剖断与新筑的“掏洞”操作。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色这些洞口大小、形状、高低各异,其功能多元:一是引入光线,使自然光成为刻画时间的画笔,在室内投下流动的光影;二是引导视线,形成一系列精心框取的景致,将外部的绿意、天空乃至墙隙造影引入室内视野;三是促进通风,与后续的通风系统结合。老墙由此从一个封闭的边界,转变为一个具有渗透性的、连接内外与古今的媒介。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色南厢房高、低洞口与夹缝里的微光,The faint light from the high and low and the in the south wing room 三层棚顶照进来的光,The light in from the three-story roof 一层餐茶空间看向西面新、老墙窗口剪影,From the and tea space on the first floor, one can see the of the on the new and old walls to the west 一层厨卫空间看向东面斜缝山墙,The and space on the first floor looks the gable on the east side 岭南地区气候闷热潮湿,良好的通风是舒适居住的前提。我们设计了一套精细的被动式通风策略。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色首先,利用南北向的开口组织穿堂风。其次,在一楼地脚设置隐蔽的进气格栅,在三楼屋顶预留排气风口,利用热空气上升的“烟囱效应”,即使在无风或门窗关闭时,也能形成持续的气流,将室内浊热空气抽出,引入底部凉爽空气。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色这套系统确保了建筑能够“自主呼吸”。气候条件应对, to The has a hot and humid climate, good for living. We a strategy. First, north-south cross-ventilation. Second, were set at the level on the first floor, and vents were in the third-floor roof. the “stack effect” where hot air rises, this airflow, stale air and in air from below, even when there’s no wind or doors/ are closed. This the to “ autonomously.” 一层堂间与后院木作窗门口,The door the hall and the on the first 层栖居室北面木作窗口,The on the north side of the second-floor room 三层东南角天台出入口,The and exit of the at the on the third 择门窗系统时,刻意避用了气密性极高的现代铝合金窗,转而使用传统榫卯工艺的柚木门窗。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色因其微弱的缝隙恰好允许一丝微风渗透,避免了小空间完全密闭后的闷塞感,同时也带来了更柔和的触觉体验。透剖图, When the door and system, we alloy windows, for mortise-and-tenon teak doors and windows. Their gaps allow a to permeate, the of a small space while a experience. 建成后北面侧看邻里与建筑,After completion, look at the and from the north side 为化解东西高墙的压迫,屋顶被设计成一道舒缓的弧形。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色这道弧线不仅从视觉上消解四方盒子的僵直感,赋予混凝土屋顶以轻盈的意向,更是引导视线与空间体验。大上扬,所见的天弧顶向外张弓,消解内部压迫感;人置身于三层弧顶之下,坐卧在特意设置的罗汉床榻上,视线随弧面自然空片段因而显得更为深远,立足外部阳台又实现了“棚下看雨”的诗意。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色所有空间的开口与家具的布置,均依据人体的尺度与行为模式(坐、卧、仰、望、眺、倚、探)进行锚定。通往顶层露台的过程被设计为一种仪式性的体验:穹顶开口压低,人需躬身而过,此动作为强化空间的转换,从日常的居室过渡到可与天空、教堂对话的精神性场所。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色透剖图, To the from the high walls to the east and west, the roof was as a curve. This arc not only the of the box, the roof a sense of lightness, but also and experience. from inside, the seems to like a drawn bow, pressure. or lying on the set bed under the third-floor roof, one’s gaze the arc naturally, the space feel more expansive. on the the of “ the rain from under the shed.” All and were based on human scale and (sitting, lying, up, gazing, leaning, peering). The to the was as a experience: the dome is lowered, one to bow while through. This the from the daily to a place for with the sky and the church. 建成后北面航拍建筑木作窗口, view of the of the on the north side after 译 们设计了通往三层耕读空间的楼梯,其坡度与宽度65厘米刻意回归了老城窄梯的尺度,需“手抓护栏,一人上下”。这种受限的、具有明确身体性的攀爬过程,与商品住宅中宽大、流畅、高效流通的楼梯形成了鲜明对比。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色二层起居空间看向爬梯,The space on the floor looks the 内三层耕读空间与罗汉床榻,The three-story space for and the bed 在空间意念上,从一层至下而上连续转换的柱子,到三层的罗汉床榻,以其强烈的包裹性和朝向天空、教堂的视野,成为了一个精神性的“中心”。它如同一个锚点,将家族的聚集、冥思、眺望等活动固定下来,与商品住宅中均质、无中心的“客厅”形成了本质区别。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色二层连通谷仓(新)松木圆柱,The floor is to the barn (new) pine 层堂间(老)松木方柱,There are old pine wood in the hall on the first 统民居中的阁楼或谷仓,是“积攒”与“传承”的象征。学背之家”的夹层,意义在于保留“储存”这一家居核心功能的空间属性。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色也暗示这个“家”具有积累的能力,是能容纳时间与记忆的容器。建成后从谷仓内看向爬梯,After completion, look at the from the barn 我们塑造了一个具有“前庭后院”感的微缩园池。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色在这里并未试图填满它,而是“留白”,让光、风、雨水和绿植在此自然生长。一层前庭天井与园池,The front and on the first 层堂间西北角后院穿插的山墙,The gable wall in the at the of the hall on the first 面庭院入口穿望后院,The to the the 料与建造 and 于反装饰主义的原则和对岭南潮湿环境的回应,建筑全部使用了清水混凝土。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色结构体一次浇筑完成,模板上覆以回收老木板,将温暖的木纹转印于混凝土表面。小规模、高定制化的项目在当下追求效率的工业化建造体系中举步维艰。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色从地基遇到橡胶泥层的技术挑战,到雨季延误、工人更替,整个建造过程(2021-2024)充满了意外。作为建筑师不得不超越传统角色,成为施工管理者、邻里协调员甚至工艺指导者。项目介绍项目介绍项目介绍设计特色因极少工人愿意触碰这样又小又复杂的活,全靠江湖道义和人情关怀拉拢。也时有不凑效,班组领头老吴一直不断更替工人。
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